ISSN(Print): 2790-6795 | ISSN(Online) : 2790-6809 | ISSN-L : 2790-6795

(2020) Volume 1, Issue 1

Religious Radicalization and Social Exclusion of Christian Community: A Case of Pakistan

Authors:
  1. Waqas Ahmad
  2. Nadeem Arshad
  3. Afzaal Afzal
Abstract: This study examines the role of terrorism, in promoting social exclusion among educated Christian minority in Pakistan. It also explains the violent behavior of community after the Youhanabad terror incidents, which resulted in lynching of two Muslim men. The studied focused on two core objectives; first to analyze the role of terrorism in elevating already existing social exclusion among Pakistani Christian community and to understand the reasons behind the mob behavior. Mob behavior itself was reflection of exclusion as the community or group no longer believes in the existing system. Qualitative research design was used and 20 in-depth interviews were conducted with random respondents of the Christian community who had passed their 10 years of examination or higher schooling than this. The collected data from these interviews was coded using NVivo software. Themes that emerged from coding were analyzed. It was found that terrorism specifically is not seen the reason of exclusion of Christian community. Community stated that terrorism has played fewer roles in social exclusion and they watched the terrorism as the collective problem of the whole Pakistani society; however, society at large level excludes minority population in many other aspects. The society did not treat them on equality basis. They often face discrimination in society. It was specifically found that most of the NGOs are working for Christian community inclusion and interfaith harmony but many are non-functional. It was also found that violent behavior by Christian community was random, sudden and not planned.
Keyswords: Minorities, Pakistani Christian Community, Social Exclusion, Terrorism, Violent Mob Behavior
Pages: 01-08
Article: 1 , Volume 1 , Issue 1
DOI Number: 10.35484/ahss.2020(1-I)01
DOI Link: http://doi.org/10.35484/ahss.2020(1-I)01
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Reinterpreting the Oedipus Myth: A Historiographic Metafictional Study of Kundera’s Unbearable Lightness of Being

Authors:
  1. Imran Aslam
  2. Syed Waqar Ul Hassan
  3. Imrana Zulfiqar
Abstract: This paper analyzes the functions of the Oedipus Article in Milan Kundera’s novel The Unbearable Lightness of Being in postmodern perspective particularly Linda Hutcheon’s model of Historiographic Metafiction. Historiographic Metafiction is a concept introduced by Linda Hutcheon in her book A Poetics of Postmodernism: History, Theory, Fiction (1988), which discusses the use of techniques like Intertextuality, Parody, Subversion and Pastiche by prominent postmodern writers. The significance of the overall importance of the Oedipus article has been analyzed in line with the constituents of Historiographic Metafiction like Intertextuality, Parody and Subversion and comparison has been drawn between the two works and the past and the present. The technique of Intertextuality helps Kundera incorporate the past into the present whereas parodic subversion allows the writer to challenge the Grand Narratives and revisit the past in postmodern perspective. The traits of characters in the novel impersonate the characteristics of Oedipus. The inter-text of Oedipus helps Kundera develop the plot and theme of his magnum opus. Intertextuality destroys the independent nature of the novel whereas parodic subversion helps the writer maintain subjectivity and self-reflexivity. The authenticity of Czech history has been questioned and different sides of reality have been analyzed through Mini Narratives.
Keyswords: Historiography, Hutcheon, Intertextuality, Kundera, Metafiction, Parody, Postmodernism, Subversion
Pages: 09-17
Article: 2 , Volume 1 , Issue 1
DOI Number: 10.35484/ahss.2020(1-I)02
DOI Link: http://doi.org/10.35484/ahss.2020(1-I)02
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Islamic Economic System and Pakistan: An Analysis

Authors:
  1. Muhammad Munib Khalid
  2. Sajida Begum
  3. Muhammad Sohail Fazal
Abstract: This study focuses on the Islamic economic system. Islam is a complete code of life and it’s a Deen. Some sources of income in Islamic economic system are Zakat, Ushr, Jizya, Fai, Khums, Khiraaj, Ushoor, Nawaib and Zaraib. Capitalist is an economic system in which rich becomes richer and poor becomes poorer. There is no right of private ownership in Communist or Socialist economic systems. Socialism is the soft form of Communism. Zakat is anonly system in Islamic economic system. Pakistan’s economic system is mixed system.In Pakistan, unfortunately Zakat system is poor. There are many irregularities in Zakat and Baitul Mal funds in Pakistan. Class segregation, corruption, undocumented money and interest (Riba) are the major flaws in Pakistan’s economic system.
Keyswords: Capitalism, Communism, Interest, Islamic Economic System, Pakistan, Zakat
Pages: 18-27
Article: 3 , Volume 1 , Issue 1
DOI Number: 10.35484/ahss.2020(1-I)03
DOI Link: http://doi.org/10.35484/ahss.2020(1-I)03
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Antecedents to Problematic Facebook Use: A Case Study of University Students in Pakistan

Authors:
  1. Mudassar Hussain
  2. Dr. Robina Saeed
  3. Dr. Sumera Batool
Abstract: Facebook is a social networking site with the possibilities of constant engagement with the help of downloadable application on smart phone. There is conflict in research about the usefulness and the uselessness of Facebook use among youth. They have been using Facebook for diverse motives because they are rationale human beings, however, the dependency on the few motives may lead to the problematic Facebook use. Therefore, the objectives were to rigorously explain the motives as antecedents to problematic Facebook use among university students in Pakistan. The study used the quantitative approach of cross-sectional survey method. By using convenience sampling method the students from the universities in Lahore were selected (N=465). The study revealed that the motives of friendship (β=.198), entertainment (β=.120) and passing time (β=.103) are the significant predictors for the problematic Facebook use. The motives of friendship make the most unique contribution. The study recommends university students to check their friendship making habits.
Keyswords: Antecedents, Facebook, Problematic Facebook Use, University Students
Pages: 43-53
Article: 5 , Volume 1 , Issue 1
DOI Number: 10.35484/ahss.2020(1-I)05
DOI Link: http://doi.org/10.35484/ahss.2020(1-I)05
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