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| Abstract: | The Indian military modernization is serious threat to South Asian security in general and particularly Pakistan. The Indian military is continuously bringing shift in her strategic thinking and introducing new doctrines. Which compel India to fill the void in her overall military capabilities because at the moment Pakistan is coming up with adequate answers to the Indian doctrinal transformation. The nuclear factor reduced the likelihood of large scale war and forced the Indian political and military leadership to find gap between the nuclear and conventional capabilities of Pakistan. This is the reason that India is transforming her military doctrines and from total war to limited war. In the changing strategic scenario, the Indian military is aiming at quick and swift operations under the nuclear overhang. To achieve her stated objectives, it needs an agile force which is integrated with modern Network Centric Warfare and Electronic Warfare capabilities. The Indian military is refurbishing het tri services with advance weaponry to enhance the operational readiness of her forces against emerging threats in the region. The Indian Army, Air Force and Navy is phasing out old weapons and replacing it with modern arsenal with the help of Russia, America, EU and Israel. Such a development would create security dilemma in South Asia vis-à-vis Pakistan. Pakistan is trying to overcome this emerging threat with her indigenous capabilities but due to fragile economy it may not achieve arithmetic arms race against India. To deter India from any limited conventional attack Pakistan would definitely rely on her tactical nuclear weapons to offset the Indian conventional superiority. This article would focus on the Indian military’s rapid doctrinal transformation and military modernization and how it creates conventional asymmetry in South Asia and force Pakistan to go for conventional or nuclear countermeasures to maintain balance of terror to deter India from any misadventure. |
| Keyswords: | Buildup, Indian Army, Pakistan |
| Pages: | 01-11 |
| Article: | 1 , Volume 1 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/ahss.2020(1-II)01 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/ahss.2020(1-II)01 |
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| Abstract: | The problem to be investigated in this study was to identify the trends of admission achievement of public and private sector institutions in Gujranwala division. The study was quantitative analytic report. The source of data for this study was an official document obtained by the researchers from the office of the Secretary, Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Gujranwala. The data to be analyzed were regarding the students of public and private sector institutions who appeared in the annual intermediate examinations of the years 2011 to 2015. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis and interpretation. Data analysis indicates that public sector institutions performed better in terms of admission achievement not only against their own performance over the period of five years (2011-2015) but also against the private sector institutions in Gujranwala division. At the end, certain recommendations were made for stake holders. |
| Keyswords: | Admission Achievement, Institutions, Private Sector, Public Sector, Trends |
| Pages: | 12-21 |
| Article: | 2 , Volume 1 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/ahss.2020(1-II)02 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/ahss.2020(1-II)02 |
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| Abstract: | The main objective of the study is to search out the pronunciation errors committed by IELTS students of the New England Academy, Gujranwala, the reasons behind the incorrect pronunciation and to find out the remedial measures to improve the pronunciation of IELTS students. The sample of twenty students and two teachers was selected randomly. The students were taken an oral punctuation test and the different questionnaires were given to the teachers and the students as well. To carry out this particular study the descriptive method was used. Oral punctuation tests and close-ended questionnaires were used as data collection tools. SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) software was used to analyze the data. It was concluded that phonemes that are in a mismatch with consonant cluster and word orthography were mispronounced by the IELTS students. The pronunciation errors of vowel sounds were also noted. Mother tongue interference of the IELTS students and limited use of the English language was found the causes behind the incorrect pronunciation. The study recommends that the teachers should focus on pronunciation by using suitable material and the use of the English language in the class can also help to improve the pronunciation of IELTS students. |
| Keyswords: | English language learning, English Proficiency, English Pronunciation Errors, IELTS Students |
| Pages: | 23-33 |
| Article: | 3 , Volume 1 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/ahss.2020(1-II)03 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/ahss.2020(1-II)03 |
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| Abstract: | The aim of this study is to examine the role of electronic media regarding Clean Green Pakistan Movement. The objective of this study is to highlight the alarming issue of environmental change and examine the media coverage on CGPM. How the programs of GEO news, ARY news and City 42 news are spreading awareness to the university students of Lahore regarding CGPM. This study is quantitative by nature. How the government deals with this phenomenon. This study is quantitative by nature. The sample size of this study was 300 respondents from three private sector universities of Lahore. The results indicate that the null hypotheses are rejected and it is concluded that after watching programs related to the coverage of CGPM, the university students of Lahore practically took part in this movement and also took measures to act upon the guidelines. |
| Keyswords: | Air Pollution, CGPM (Clean Green Pakistan Movement), Climate Change, Electronic Media, Environment Change, Global Warming, Plantation |
| Pages: | 34-40 |
| Article: | 4 , Volume 1 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/ahss.2020(1-II)04 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/ahss.2020(1-II)04 |
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| Abstract: | Successful implementation, offering and assimilation of the E-Government system has supported starting up new business as well as business services by sinking the budget, procedures and refining the facilities and attaining stakeholder’s satisfaction (Ashaye & Irani, 2019) and their expected benefits i.e. Profitability (Hossain et al. 2011). The aim of this study is to find the effect of on businesses value of ginning firms in Pakistan. In this study, Thompson et al. (2005) model is adopted to find out the influence of e-government system assimilation by an organization/firm on business value creation in ginning sector of Pakistan context. To find out this influence to investigate the effect of Information technology (IT) capability of the firm to their E-Government transaction oriented use and search-oriented use. Theses uses have also the effect on firm revenue expansion variables (i.e. Intelligence generation (IG), New business development (NBD)) and on firm cost reduction variable (i.e. Time saving) and ultimate result of Profitability. To test the proposed model, data collected from 414 cotton ginners, which are member of Pakistan Cotton Ginners Association (PCGA) of fiscal year (2018-2019). The result confirms this path analytical model. Further, limitations and direction for future research also have been discussed in this study. |
| Keyswords: | Businesses Value, E-Government, E-Government Assimilation, Path Analytical Model |
| Pages: | 41-53 |
| Article: | 5 , Volume 1 , Issue 2 |
| DOI Number: | 10.35484/ahss.2020(1-II)05 |
| DOI Link: | http://doi.org/10.35484/ahss.2020(1-II)05 |
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